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The
art of finding your
niche
A company's success depends on both the products
it sells and its marketing strategy. When you start a company
from scratch, you have the major advantage of choosing your
own niche which will increase your chance for success since
you will be meeting a need that your predecessors may not have
met.
However, identifying the right niche, based on
what you do best and the market situation, requires both
careful planning and research. Even the best products may not
necessarily find buyers. Markets change and products based on
technology may be too advanced to meet the expectations of the
average user.
The following are three avenues to
explore:
Inventions
Numerous products
have not yet been created or are still in the embryonic stage.
While this is sometimes because no one has thought of them, it
is more often because the research results and technologies
required to create them are extremely recent. For instance,
while many scientists believe that nanotechnology (using
infinitesimal dimensions) will be the next industrial
revolution, industrial applications (new materials with
multiple properties) are still too limited to have widespread
distribution.
In the rapidly changing health sector,
fueled by the explosion of biotechnology, products such as
functional foods, blood substitutes, and gene therapies are a
few of the most promising niches.
In the information
and communication technologies sector, language engineering,
pattern recognition, material modeling software, complex
molecule synthesis, etc., all belong to high potential
industrial niches.
Demand,
changing fashions and trends
In addition to markets that are evolving
and have great technological potential, there are other
specialized markets that support innovative products: niche
groups such as the handicapped, people living in remote areas,
collectors, sports enthusiasts, etc.
Here however,
there are 2 types of risks. First, you have to ensure that the
market is not too small to be viable: what is the competition?
what are the incidental costs i.e. transportation, etc.? what
is the likelihood that the market will grow (craze for a
particular sport or lifestyle, growing segment of the
population, e.g. the elderly, etc.)?
Second, this may
involve a passing trend, one where you can "ride the wave",
but only for a limited time. Identifying opportunities means
staying informed about the values of the target market and how
it reacts to products or trends; reading the professional
literature should also be of great help.
It is also
important to keep in mind that markets can be fickle and that
the commercial potential only lasts for a certain amount of
time. Therefore, the product must be easy to manufacture
(production models and methods already exist), with the
possibility of transferring the technology to another product
that will take over when the success of the first declines. It
is also important to avoid maintaining a high product
inventory.
Another niche that has its own advantages
and risks is that of reacting to a particular circumstance
i.e. organizing games or periodic festivals, meeting
environmental needs, responding to new legal requirements,
etc.
Customized
manufacturing
Finally, the
subcontracting (or outsourcing) market where one company works for
another – manufacturing products, delivering services,
etc. –offers numerous possibilities. There are many sectors
that lend themselves to outsourcing (aeronautics,
agri-food, electronic components, instrumentation and
control equipment, construction, toys,
pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, etc.). Numerous companies do subcontracting work
for the various private markets.
Another possibility
for obtaining outsourcing contracts is via government
departments and other public bodies that regularly issue
requests for proposals. These usually involve very specialized
orders or services.
This trend towards extreme
specialization should intensify. Order givers are increasingly
looking for subcontractors who can invest in research and
design components that they themselves no longer wish to
handle.
Frequently, subcontractors are small companies
but the relationships they have with their customers, often
multinationals, may be complex. Too much dependence on one
customer can be fatal in the changing market. Therefore, even
if a subcontractor is created to meet the needs of a single or
main customer, it should expand its customer base as much as
possible.
Regardless of which option you choose
(innovation, niche market, or subcontracting), you must
constantly be looking out for signs of new trends that are
gaining in popularity, and become an expert at analyzing them.
A business leader who innovates must have a global
perspective, be well-informed, and be able to synthesize
current and future trends.
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